In 2025, many GS authors make outstanding contributions to our journal. Their articles published with us have received very well feedback in the field and stimulate a lot of discussions and new insights among the peers.
Hereby, we would like to highlight some of our outstanding authors who have been making immense efforts in their research fields, with a brief interview of their unique perspective and insightful view as authors.
Outstanding Authors (2025)
Somchanin Pipatpajong, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
Akihiko Ozaki, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Japan
Akriti Nanda, Oxford University NHS Hospitals, UK
Kizuki Matsumoto, Kameda Medical Center, Japan
Vegard Heimly Brun, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
Hiroshi Katoh, Kitasato University Hospita, Japan
Ko-Ping Tiang, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
Thitiporn Wannasri, Chulabhorn Hospital, Thailand
Naoya Imamura, University of Miyazaki, Japan
Janhavi Venkataraman, The London Breast Institute, UK
Mariam Rizk, The London Breast Institute, UK
Shahzad Ahmad, North American Society of Interventional Endocrinology (NASOIE), USA
Miguel Allen, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Portugal
Catarina Melo, Local Health Unit Coimbra, Portugal
Kenzo Alejandro Fukumoto-Inukai, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
Seokwon Lee, Pusan National University Hospital, South Korea
Woojin Cho, Withsim Clinic, South Korea
Jiwon Yang, Gachon University College of Medicine, Korea
Jun Yong Lee, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
Outstanding Author
Somchanin Pipatpajong
Dr. Somchanin Pipatpajong is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiology at the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and a breast radiologist at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Thailand. She obtained her Doctor of Medicine degree from Chulalongkorn University and completed her radiology residency and breast imaging fellowship at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. She also undertook a clinical attachment at King's College Hospital, NHS Trust. Specializing in breast radiology, she is dedicated to advancing breast imaging techniques for early detection and accurate diagnosis of breast diseases. Her research focuses on innovations in breast radiology, aiming to enhance patient care through evidence-based practices and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Her research interests include surveillance strategies for breast-conserving patients, assessing axillary nodal status prediction in breast cancer, and exploring the applications of artificial intelligence and radiomics in breast radiology.
Dr. Pipatpajong thinks concise and well-structured scholarly papers are excellent. It needs to be simple to read and comprehend. Additionally, the paper must be substantiated by robust evidence and compelling arguments. It should have anticipated findings that enhance existing knowledge. It must be impartial and devoid of bias.
To ensure clarity, trustworthiness, and compliance with publication requirements, Dr. Pipatpajong believes authors should consider a number of important issues when producing an academic work, such as the clarity and conciseness of science, the requirements and selection of journals, ethical considerations, originality and significance, structure and organization, and validity and correctness. Strong discussion and conclusion, as well as excellent data presentation, are also crucial. Lastly, peer review and proofreading are essential components.
Lastly, Dr. Pipatpajong would like to say a few words to all academic scholars who invest their time and effort in the advancement of scientific knowledge, “Your contributions are indispensable. Each study you undertake, each paper you compose, and each insight you disseminate enhances the collective body of knowledge. Your commitment drives exploration. The journey of academic writing is often challenging. However, it is essential to acknowledge that every significant discovery and impactful contribution is founded on perseverance and resilience. Continue writing, pushing limits, and knowing that your efforts contribute to a better future.”
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Akihiko Ozaki
Dr. Akihiko Ozaki is a surgeon specializing in breast and thyroid cancer and a health services researcher affiliated with the Jyoban Hospital of the Tokiwa Foundation in Fukushima, Japan. His research bridges oncology and public health policy, and he has earned international recognition for investigating how the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear disaster impacted cancer patients’ access to treatment and prevention. His recent work focuses on surgical outcomes and postoperative quality of life among young thyroid cancer patients diagnosed and treated in the aftermath of the disaster.
Dr. Ozaki believes a good academic paper should begin with a meaningful research question. From his perspective, beyond keeping up with academic trends, it is equally important to pursue questions that arise from direct clinical experience and interactions with patients. These real-world observations often highlight gaps in current knowledge and practice. He adds that a strong paper not only presents robust and reproducible findings but also contributes meaningfully to the advancement of its field. It should clearly articulate its objectives, be methodologically sound, and be transparent in its disclosures, and offer insights that resonate not only within the academic community but also in policy or clinical contexts.
According to Dr. Ozaki, avoiding bias requires ongoing self-awareness and structural safeguards.
He believes in triangulating data sources, seeking interdisciplinary feedback, and disclosing any potential conflicts of interest. Collaborating with peers—especially those with different perspectives—is a vital way to maintain balance. He also makes a conscious effort to reflect on whether his interpretations might be influenced by subconscious expectations or professional affiliations. When in doubt, he returns to empirical evidence as an anchor. At the same time, he thinks it is equally important to offer thoughtful implications grounded not only in objective facts but also in interpretations guided by his scientific conscience and values as a researcher.
Finally, Dr. Ozaki would like to emphasize the importance of ensuring that collaborations are mutually beneficial and valued by colleagues, “This means making continuous efforts from multiple angles to contribute meaningfully. Equally vital is maintaining an environment that allows you to keep working on topics you genuinely find meaningful—without burning out. That may include building a network of trusted individuals who can help shoulder responsibilities or outsource tasks when needed. And finally, never forget to appreciate the support of your family and those around you who stand by you throughout your journey.”
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Akriti Nanda
Dr. Akriti Nanda is a General Surgical Registrar in South West London and an NHS Clinical AI Fellow. With a medical school background from Oxford, she specializes in oncoplastic breast surgery research, AI in healthcare, and evidence-based surgery. She has multiple peer-reviewed publications, international presentations, and conference awards for her research. She has collaborated extensively with the University of Oxford, notably authoring the Cochrane review on oncoplastic breast surgery. Her work at the Royal Marsden includes targeted axillary surgery research and exploring genetic testing advancements in breast cancer management. Passionate about promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion within surgery, she has established university-wide and national educational programs aimed at enhancing inclusivity and equity in the surgical community.
Dr. Nanda thinks a truly impactful academic paper not only answers an important and innovative research question but also inspires curiosity and further inquiry. It should employ rigorous, transparent methods that invite trust and replication, while clearly presenting results that stimulate meaningful dialogue within the academic and clinical communities. Moreover, great academic writing engages and empowers a diverse audience by making complex insights accessible and compelling, bridging gaps between theory and practice.
According to Dr. Nanda, staying current in her field involves a multifaceted approach. She regularly leverages novel platforms such as social media, particularly LinkedIn and ResearchGate, to keep abreast of cutting-edge research developments and discuss happening globally. Additionally, she values comprehensive systematic reviews, such as those published by Cochrane, because they provide a holistic and balanced view of entire research fields rather than isolated studies, which can sometimes be misleading. In the future, she may integrate advanced technologies like artificial intelligence large language models (LLMs) to aid in efficiently synthesizing and staying updated with vast amounts of evolving literature.
“I particularly enjoy how academic writing brings together people of all levels onto a single project that everyone is passionate about. It offers a unique opportunity to interact closely with individuals possessing diverse skill sets and expert knowledge, which isn't always achievable in everyday professional settings. This collaborative aspect is incredibly rewarding and consistently enriches both the research process and my own professional growth,” says Dr. Nanda.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Kizuki Matsumoto
Dr. Kizuki Matsumoto works as a breast surgeon at Kameda Medical Center and the Department of Surgery at Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center. After graduating from Kawasaki Medical School, she trained in the Department of General Surgery there, and later in the Breast Surgery Division at Kameda Medical Center, renowned for breast cancer treatment. At Kameda, she gained extensive experience in breast cancer diagnosis, surgery, and chemotherapy. Her award-winning research focuses on cryoablation for breast cancer. She will continue to deepen her clinical knowledge and refine her surgical skills to provide high-quality care. She is also committed to research that enhances both patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes in breast cancer surgery.
Dr. Matsumoto believes a good academic paper should have clearly stated objectives and research questions that define the purpose of the study and guide the reader in understanding the significance of the research. A good academic paper should present a logical and consistent discussion and conclusion that coherently interprets the results and aligns with the stated objectives of the study. She adds that one key skill of the author is the ability to write clear and accessible manuscripts with the guidance of experienced mentors and statisticians.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Vegard Heimly Brun
Dr. Vegard Heimly Brun works as a consultant breast and endocrine surgeon at the University Hospital of North Norway in Tromsø, Norway. He is also an associate professor at the Arctic University of Norway, UiT. He has a PhD in neuroscience and some of his research focuses on endocrine influence on memory and cognition. One of his main current research interests is optimization of thyroid hormone therapy. Some years ago, Dr. Brun developed a dosing method for hormone substitution after thyroidectomy. His team is working to change the practice for thyroid hormone dosages adjustments, including new ways to measure optimal hormone status. Another research focus of his is thyroid nodule diagnostics with ultrasound. He finds that artificial intelligence can help improve the diagnostic value of images considerably, and minimize the problem of subjectivity in ultrasound interpretation. Connect with him on LinkedIn.
GS: What role does academic writing play in science?
Dr. Brun: Academic writing is how we structure our thoughts and explain why our findings have relevance. The way we choose to tell a story will impact heavily on how the findings are interpreted, and how our understanding of the subject in question can be advanced further.
GS: How to ensure one’s writing is critical?
Dr. Brun: I think that an academic author should try to challenge existing beliefs. Even when your findings are in line with existing literature, you can raise questions about future directions, point at knowledge gaps, or challenge existing dogmas.
GS: Why is it important for a research to apply for institutional review board (IRB) approval?
Dr. Brun: IRB approval is central for protection of human rights. In research involving patients, it is particularly important to remember the vulnerable position of the research subjects. In my experience, most patients desire to contribute to research if they can, but informed consent is still essential.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Hiroshi Katoh
Hiroshi Katoh, MD, PhD, FACS, currently serves at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital / Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan. His research areas cover tumor microenvironment, and mechanisms of tumor-immune evasion by immune suppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages via chemokine systems. Recent clinical focuses include neoadjuvant use of multikinase inhibitors or selective kinase inhibitors on locally advanced thyroid cancer, and minimally invasive surgery, particularly on total endoscopic thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy.
In Dr. Katoh’s opinion, a physician, before being an author, must approach each patient with sincerity and a commitment to seeking the best treatment options tailored to the individual. This demands both a wide-ranging perspective and profound knowledge in the field. He believes that an attitude based on wide and profound knowledge helps minimize bias when summarizing clinical outcomes and enhances one’s ability to derive meaningful insights and publish them as evidence-based contributions to the field.
“As an expert, one of my greatest sources of motivation to write is turning research outcomes into publications that serve as evidence and advance clinical practice,” says Dr. Katoh.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Ko-Ping Tiang
Ko-Ping Tiang is a general surgery trainee at Universiti Malaya Medical Centre with a strong interest in liver surgery and clinical decision-making. His work often sits at the crossroads of patient care, education, and research. Lately, he has been involved in projects that aim to reduce unnecessary imaging for benign liver lesions and improve how conditions like liver cysts are managed. He is also passionate about surgical education and enjoys developing hands-on training programs for junior doctors. To him, writing, teaching, and working in the clinic are all connected by a shared goal: to make healthcare safer, more thoughtful, and grounded in both science and compassion. He finds being part of this journey as both a learner and contributor deeply meaningful. Follow Ko-Ping on ORCID, Google Scholar and ResearchGate.
GS: What are the most commonly encountered difficulties in academic writing?
Ko-Ping: One of the hardest parts is just getting started—staring at a blank page can make you feel overwhelming. Even when I have the ideas in my head, it takes time to organize them and find the right words. It’s also easy to fall into the trap of overthinking or trying to sound too “academic”, which can make writing stiff and tiring. Sometimes, I struggle with self-doubts, wondering if what I’m writing is good enough. But I’ve learned that writing is a process, and it gets easier with practice.
GS: How do you allocate time to write papers out of a busy schedule?
Ko-Ping: It’s tough. Between long hours in the hospital and other responsibilities, finding time to write doesn’t come naturally. I try to set aside small blocks of time—early mornings, quiet evenings, or weekends. Even 30 focused minutes can make a difference. I also try to write in stages so it doesn’t feel so overwhelming, and I lean on co-authors and mentors for support and feedback when I get stuck.
GS: What is fascinating about academic writing?
Ko-Ping: What I love most is that academic writing turns real-life experiences into something that others can learn from. It’s a way to share ideas, ask questions, and hopefully help someone else—whether it’s a doctor making a decision or a student learning something new. Writing also helps me slow down and reflect on what I’ve seen or learned. It’s not always easy, but it’s meaningful, and that makes it worth doing.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Thitiporn Wannasri
Dr. Thitiporn Wannasri holds a Diploma from the Thai Board of General Surgery, a Diploma from the Thai Sub-board of Surgical Oncology, and a Certification in breast surgery. Currently, she serves as a surgical oncologist in the Breast and Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery at Chulabhorn Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Her research primarily focuses on breast surgical oncology and hepatobiliary surgery. In the field of breast surgery, her work is dedicated to advancing patient care through excellence in surgical practices, with particular emphasis on optimizing cosmetic outcomes and contributing to molecular research to deepen the understanding of the disease. Most recently, in the field of hepatobiliary surgery, she served on the research committee for the first international consensus guidelines on the management of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). The finalized consensus will be formally presented at the 10th Biennial Congress of the Asian-Pacific Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (A-PHPBA) in 2025.
Dr. Wannasri thinks that a well-crafted academic paper begins with a clear, focused research question that guides the reader in understanding the study's purpose. It should present robust evidence, articulate a well-defined research methodology, and offer a logical, cohesive discussion culminating in a clear and meaningful conclusion, all of which enhance the paper’s clarity and readability. The contribution of original insights is equally important, as they advance existing knowledge and have practical clinical relevance, with the potential to shape future research. Ultimately, the peer-review process serves as a vital mechanism for ensuring the rigor, credibility, and scholarly integrity of the work.
According to Dr. Wannasri, authors should carefully consider several critical elements to ensure both rigor and clarity when preparing their writing. These include formulating a clear research objective, conducting a comprehensive literature review, selecting an appropriate methodology, obtaining ethical approvals, and ensuring the accuracy and completeness of data. Equally essential are the maintenance of a consistent and coherent writing style in accordance with the standards of the target journal, the inclusion of well-designed figures and tables, and a clear emphasis on the novelty and significance of the research findings. Following the journal’s submission guidelines and conducting thorough proofreading and peer reviews are vital for maintaining the quality and credibility of research.
At last, Dr. Wannasri would like to say a few words to encourage other researchers, “Focus your efforts on producing exceptional work, embrace your unique strengths as an academic writer, maintain motivation, and remain receptive to growth by regularly evaluating your progress and refining your approach as needed. Trust in the process, each step forward brings you closer to achieving your goals. Continue writing and remember that the rewards of dedication and perseverance are well worth the journey.”
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Naoya Imamura
Dr. Naoya Imamura is a surgeon at the Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miyazaki Faculty of Medicine. He usually performs surgeries for hepato-biliary-pancreatic disease and treats patients who are referred to the hospital. He began practicing hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery after conducting clinical research on complications following pancreatoduodenectomy under the guidance of his predecessor, the late Dr. Chijiiwa. His objective is to deliver standard treatment for difficult-to-treat diseases in regional areas of Japan, while also educating the next generation of surgeons.
In Dr. Imamura’s view, science, including medicine, has been shaped by the accumulated experience of countless scientists and people over the years. Academic writing is a simple, yet fundamental and most important way to disseminate individual experiences and share knowledge.
Dr. Imamura thinks that as scientific experts learn and practice what they have learned in their fields, they face current challenges and try to find solutions to take them to the next level of development. The challenges that experts face often align with the concerns of other experts because they all share the same goals. He believes that by taking science seriously and trying hard to improve things, we can share new ideas with other scientists and get the results they will like.
“The vast amount of knowledge in the field of science that we have acquired is based on the tremendous accumulation of our predecessors. We are living in the present day and facing the challenges of the present day. Scientific knowledge is developed little by little. To preserve what we have done as academic writing is to contribute to a part of the history of human knowledge. I believe that thinking of our predecessors and future generations will help motivate us,” says Dr. Imamura.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Janhavi Venkataraman
Dr. Janhavi Venkataraman is a board-certified Plastic Surgeon. She is currently working as a Senior Fellow in Oncoplastic Breast and Aesthetic Surgery at the London Breast Institute, United Kingdom. She obtained her medical degree in India and went on to complete her residency training in General Surgery, followed by super-specialty training in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Faciomaxillary Surgery. She holds a Master of Surgery (MS) in General Surgery and a Master of Chirurgiae (MCh) in Plastic Surgery. She holds an MRCS (England) degree and is currently pursuing the final Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) in Plastic Surgery. Her clinical interests span breast reconstruction and aesthetic surgery, hand surgery, facial aesthetics, and body contouring. She is passionate about lifelong learning and committed to academic excellence, with rich clinical experience across both India and the UK. Her dedication to research and surgical innovation is reflected in her numerous publications and academic presentations. Currently, she is focused on refining techniques in Oncoplastic breast reconstruction and deepening her specialization in breast Oncology, with the aim of delivering holistic, patient-centered care in breast surgery.
From Dr. Venkataraman’s perspective, a good academic paper emphasizes clarity, evidence, and impact. It begins with a clear, relevant, and well-defined research question, grounded in a thorough literature review that frames the study within the existing body of knowledge. Rigor in methodology, transparency in data reporting, and critical interpretation of results are essential to ensure scientific validity and reliability. The paper should showcase originality, whether in its hypothesis, methodology, or implications. It should be a meaningful contribution to the field while maintaining ethical integrity and scientific rigor. It must be well-structured, with clear objectives, logical flow, clarity of language, and an insightful discussion to engage readers. Avoiding excessive jargon, and balancing technical details and supporting claims with solid references enhance comprehension. Finally, a conclusion that reflects on the broader impact of the research suggests directions for future inquiry.
Dr. Venkataraman believes an effective academic author must possess a combination of critical thinking, scientific curiosity, and discipline. Strong analytical skills, attention to detail, and the ability to synthesize complex data into coherent narratives are fundamental. Equally important are communication skills—conveying ideas precisely, tailoring the message to the audience, and responding constructively to peer review. Time management, collaboration, and resilience in the face of rejection or revision are also key attributes. Critical thinking also involves identifying gaps in the literature and formulating focused research questions. Openness to feedback, persistence, and a commitment to lifelong learning enrich both writing and research acumen. Engaged reading broadens understanding, enabling authors to contribute meaningfully to their fields.
“One particularly meaningful experience of mine came during the writing of an audit on outcomes following pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. What began as a routine clinical review turned into an eye-opening journey. During our analysis of patient-reported outcomes and complication rates, we identified a consistent pattern: patients who received a specific type of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and implant reported higher satisfaction and lower rates of rippling. This pattern persisted even though clinicians' aesthetic evaluations remained similar across the board. This discrepancy between clinical and patient perception led us to incorporate a qualitative element, interviewing patients to understand what truly mattered to them postoperatively. The final paper will integrate clinical data with patient feedback, significantly enhancing our understanding and making the audit more impactful. It also prompted changes in how we counsel patients and select materials. That project has taught me the value of listening closely to patient experience—not just as a secondary outcome, but as a central measure of success in reconstructive surgery,” shares Dr. Venkataraman.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Mariam Rizk
Dr. Mariam Rizk specializes in Oncoplastic Breast Surgery and currently practices at the London Breast Institute. She completed her General Surgery training in the UK and previously worked in the Breast Surgery department at King’s College Hospital in London and at Hospital Neuchatelois in La Chaux-de-Fonds Switzerland, where she gained extensive experience in managing both benign and malignant breast disease. Her main focus is combining oncological safety with good cosmetic outcomes, using techniques like breast-conserving surgery, therapeutic mammoplasty, and reconstructive procedures, especially in more complex or multifocal cases. She has recently co-authored research papers on repeat breast-conserving surgery for in-breast tumor recurrence, as well as on de-escalating axillary surgery in patients with micro metastases. She is dedicated to providing patient-centered, evidence-based care while contributing to the ongoing advancement of the oncoplastic field through both clinical practice and research.
Dr. Rizk thinks a good academic paper is clear, focused, and answers a relevant clinical question. It should be based on solid evidence and written in a way that is easy to follow. She appreciates papers that have practical value and can actually help guide how they treat patients. When the methodology is explained clearly and the authors are upfront about any limitations, it shows that the work has been done thoughtfully and responsibly.
In Dr. Rizk’s view, curiosity is an essential element of authors. They have to be genuinely interested in the topic they are writing about. Being organized and paying attention to details are also key, especially when it comes to how they present their data. Communication matters too because research should be shared in a way that makes sense to others. Humility is another important element. There is always more to learn and every study is part of a bigger picture.
“I chose to publish in Gland Surgery because it focuses on the kind of work I do in breast surgery. It covers both the cancer and reconstructive aspects, which are both really important in my field. It also reaches a wide community of surgeons around the world, so it felt like the right platform to share work that could make a difference. The review and publication process was professional and straightforward, making the experience positive,” says Dr. Rizk.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Shahzad Ahmad
Dr. Shahzad Ahmad is a founding member and the current Treasurer of the North American Society of Interventional Endocrinology (NASOIE). He has performed the most number of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures as an endocrinologist in the US. He also performed the first successful North American RFA procedures on a Parathyroid tumor and the first North American RFA of a medullary thyroid cancer recurrence. Dr. Ahmad completed his residency in Internal Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in Englewood, New Jersey, and then went on to an Endocrinology fellowship at Harbor-UCLA. His special focus is on the diagnosis and medical treatment of thyroid dysfunction, nodules, and cancer. He was also an Assistant Professor at the University of San Francisco School of Medicine. Dr. Ahmad is ECNU certified, a professional certification awarded to Endocrinologists who have expertise in thyroid ultrasounds and procedures. He has also performed the first RFA on a Toxic Thyroid Nodule (hyperfunctioning) in the US. He has now successfully ablated over 1,000 nodules/Goiters and over 50 malignant lymph nodes without complications. Learn more about him here.
“We must all seek to contribute in our own way to further achieve scientific excellence,” says Dr. Ahmad.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Miguel Allen
Dr. Miguel Allen is a General Surgeon with a passion for Endocrine Surgery that began during his residency. He holds the European Board of Surgery certification in Neck Endocrine Surgery and is among the founders of the SPCENDO - Portuguese Society of Endocrine Surgery, founded in 2024. He graduated from NOVA Medical School in Lisbon, Portugal, and became certified by the Portuguese Board of Surgery in 2108. Currently, he serves as the Coordinator of Endocrine Surgery at Hospital da Luz Lisboa and as the Invited Teaching Assistant overseeing the Surgery rotation for the Master’s program at Católica Medical School. Dr. Allen’s expertise centers on thyroid and parathyroid surgery, focusing on advanced surgical techniques and research in neck endocrine surgery to improve patient care and outcomes. His current research interests include parathyroid-focused surgery and thyroid surgery with neuromonitoring, alongside a PhD project at Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal. This research aims to identify a new anatomical landmark to aid in recognizing the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. Follow him on LinkedIn and Instagram.
In Dr. Allen’s view, every author must discover their own motivation to begin—and especially to continue—writing medical papers, as well as inspiring others to do the same. Key qualities include curiosity, perseverance, a measure of self-reflection, and the desire to contribute meaningfully to scientific knowledge. To him, a strong sense of commitment and an innate need to address important, innovative questions are essential, as well as the ability to unite the diverse skills of different authors. It is also important to remember that their writing may not always be clear to every reader. Therefore, being receptive to input from co-authors and peer reviewers, and remaining open to criticism and new ideas, are vital skills to develop.
While biases are a part of everyday life, Dr. Allen thinks that they must be strictly avoided in academic research writing. This requires clear, straightforward language; concise and well-structured phrasing; robust data; and compelling yet impartial arguments. Authors should avoid making simplistic interpretations or unsupported conclusions. Using credible data sources, declaring affiliations and potential conflicts of interest, and adhering to ICMJE guidelines are all critical. He adds that a solid research design is necessary, with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, transparent data collection procedures, blinding techniques, and standardized training for researchers to minimize observer bias. It is also crucial to follow established frameworks such as PRISMA for reviews or STROBE for observational studies to minimize reporting bias and ensure compliance with ethical standards. To prevent publication and reporting bias, negative results should be included, and studies preregistered for peer review ahead of time. Ensuring data transparency and reproducibility by thoroughly describing methods, sources, and analytical processes according to reporting guidelines is essential. Finally, seeking feedback from peers, especially from different fields, can provide valuable perspectives and enhance the quality and impact of one’s work.
“Balancing a busy surgical practice with academic, organizational, and family responsibilities makes writing scientific papers a challenging task. My primary motivation is the need to critically evaluate and reflect on my own work, addressing questions that naturally arise about how things could be improved. If a question seems worth investigating and has the potential to advance general knowledge and benefit patients, I make the time to pursue it, even if it takes longer than expected. Another motivation comes from the collaborative nature of clinical research. The exchange of ideas among co-authors, working together toward shared goals—sometimes against great odds—bring a unique sense of accomplishment. Recently, my direct observations during thyroid surgery and accumulated clinical experience have suggested a possible new contribution to the understanding of surgical anatomy. I am hopeful that ongoing prospective research will validate and highlight this potential new landmark in thyroid surgery,” says Dr. Allen.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Catarina Melo
Dr. Catarina Melo is a Portuguese general surgeon specializing in endocrine surgery, with a focus on thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland procedures. She graduated with a Doctor of Medicine from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra in 2011, completed her General Surgery Residency at the Local Health Unit of Coimbra (2013–2019), and earned her PhD in Medical Sciences from the University of Coimbra in 2025. Dr. Melo works as a General Surgeon in the Endocrine Surgery Unit at the Local Health Unit of Coimbra and serves as an Invited Professor of Human Anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra. She is a member of the Endocrine Surgery Group of the Portuguese Surgical Society. Her research focuses on thyroid surgery, particularly parathyroid identification and preservation to prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and the use of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography. Connect with her on LinkedIn.
Dr. Melo highlights that, in research, it is essential that the author defines specific objectives and is able to address them effectively. Discipline and time management, especially when engaging long-term projects, are fundamental to maintain focus under possible distractions that may lead to different directions.
According to Dr. Melo, avoiding biases in writing requires awareness and discipline. Authors need to restrain personal assumptions, emotional or judgmental expressions and rely on scientifically supported sources of information. Generalizations should be avoided in order to prevent drawing conclusions from small and non-representative samples. Also, a clear study design and straightforward data collection procedures are essential to avoid biases.
“Academic writing takes a lot of time and effort, but it is also particularly rewarding. Research that focuses on improving patient care and surgical outcomes as ultimate goal is in some way gratifying. Academic writing is a way to communicate and expand findings, stimulating discussion and new insights among authors,” says Dr. Melo, “There is still much to explore across various fields of knowledge. Even a topic that appears to have been thoroughly studied may have aspects that can be examined from different perspectives or through alternative methods, thereby expanding understanding. The fact that the research outcomes may lead to improvements in surgical treatment and patients’ quality of life, serves as the strongest motivation to keep on with.”
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Kenzo A. Fukumoto-Inukai
Dr. Kenzo Alejandro Fukumoto-Inukai is a medical graduate from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. He is currently a research fellow in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González,” a referral center for craniofacial and reconstructive surgery in Mexico. His academic interests include cleft lip and palate surgery, craniofacial anomalies, facial reanimation, hand and peripheral nerve surgery, and breast reconstruction. His research focuses on surgical outcomes, complication analysis, and patient-reported outcomes aimed at improving functional and aesthetic results in complex reconstructive conditions. He has contributed to multiple peer-reviewed publications and international scientific presentations, with work derived from both laboratory-based research and clinical investigations. As an International Medical Graduate, he is actively pursuing a career in plastic and reconstructive surgery in the United States, with a strong commitment to academic surgery, evidence-based practice, innovation, research and global collaboration.
According to Dr. Fukumoto-Inukai, a key challenge in academic writing is achieving clarity while maintaining scientific rigor and clinical relevance. This involves translating complex data into a coherent narrative that addresses the research question, using precise language, strong methodology, and robust statistical analysis. Other difficulties include bridging evidence-based findings with real-world clinical practice to ensure applicability to patient care, and ethically collecting, synthesizing, and presenting data with minimal bias. Strict adherence to international guidelines is essential for transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Finally, consistency across objectives, methods, results, and interpretation is crucial, especially with heterogeneous data.
In Dr. Fukumoto-Inukai’s view, the demands of being both a researcher and a physician require a structured and disciplined approach to time management. Maintaining a clear schedule and adhering to it consistently allow for sustained productivity across clinical responsibilities, preparation for examinations and professional boards, research writing, and personal time without compromising quality, while protecting time for rest and personal well-being is essential to prevent burnout. Setting dedicated periods exclusively for academic writing helps ensure focus, continuity, and momentum. Ultimately, discipline, realistic planning, and balance are keys to maintaining long-term academic growth and professional development.
“What I find most fascinating about academic writing is that it represents a continuous learning process centered on a specific clinical or scientific question. It requires the integration of multiple academic skills, including critical reading, methodological rigor, statistical analysis, and clear scientific communication,” says Dr. Fukumoto-Inukai, “Academic writing also provides the opportunity to translate evidence into meaningful knowledge by addressing focused research questions that can directly inform clinical decision-making. Its greatest value lies in its potential to improve patient care and quality of life by generating reliable and clinically relevant evidence. This combination of intellectual growth, problem-solving, and tangible impact on patient outcomes is what makes academic writing particularly rewarding.”
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Seokwon Lee
Seokwon Lee, MD, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Breast Surgery at Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine in Busan, South Korea. He provides comprehensive, “one-stop” care for patients with breast cancer, personally performing both conventional and robot-assisted mastectomy as well as immediate breast reconstruction. His reconstructive practice includes the use of autologous tissue and implants, and he has extensive expertise in oncoplastic breast surgery. Dr. Lee’s clinical and research focus centers on the surgical treatment of breast cancer, particularly the development and refinement of novel techniques in partial or total mastectomy and breast reconstruction. His recent work emphasizes operative strategies that integrate oncologic safety with optimal aesthetic outcomes, aiming to improve both functional and quality-of-life measures for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.
From Dr. Lee’s perspective, academic writing plays a crucial role in science by enabling the clear dissemination and accumulation of knowledge. Through structured reporting of research background, methods, results, and interpretations, it allows studies to be evaluated, reproduced, and built upon by other researchers. It also clarifies the strengths and limitations of findings, supporting appropriate application in practice and future research. Moreover, academic writing fosters critical discussion and the generation of new research questions, contributing to the cumulative and self-correcting nature of science. In surgery, sharing innovations and clinical outcomes is essential to advancing standards of care.
Dr. Lee believes that critical writing goes beyond description to include careful analysis and evaluation. It requires assessing methodological limitations, comparing findings with existing literature, and addressing potential biases or conflicting evidence. A critical writer questions assumptions, justifies conclusions with logical reasoning, and reports unexpected or negative results transparently. In discussing implications, overgeneralization should be avoided by clearly stating both what the study demonstrates and what it does not.
In addition, Dr. Lee highlights that institutional review board (IRB) approval is essential in research involving human subjects because it protects participants’ rights and safety and ensures ethical conduct through independent oversight of risks and benefits. Without IRB approval, participants may be exposed to unnecessary harm or inadequately informed consent, resulting in serious ethical violations. Such research is often ineligible for publication or funding and may lead to legal or institutional sanctions. Furthermore, failure to obtain IRB approval can damage public trust in researchers and the scientific community, making it a fundamental requirement rather than an administrative formality.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Woojin Cho
Woojin Cho, MD, is the Representative Director of Withsim Clinic and Head of the Head and Neck Ultrasound Center in Bundang, South Korea. He received his medical degree from Korea University College of Medicine and completed residency training in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Korea University Anam Hospital. He leads an ultrasound-based clinical practice focused on the evaluation and management of neck masses, including thyroid nodules, salivary gland disease, lymphadenopathy, and soft tissue disorders. His academic and clinical interests center on office-based head and neck ultrasound and ultrasound-guided interventions such as radiofrequency ablation, sclerotherapy, and core needle biopsy, with an emphasis on surgeon-led techniques. In 2024, he founded the International Head and Neck Ultrasound Surgeons Association and currently serves as its General Secretary, promoting international collaboration. In 2025, he co-founded the Asia-Pacific Society of Interventional Thyroidology. Dr. Cho has delivered over 100 scientific presentations worldwide and published more than 20 peer-reviewed articles and textbook chapters.
An essential skill of an author, according to Dr. Cho, is the ability to recognize meaningful patterns and unanswered questions that arise from accumulated daily clinical practice, rather than allowing them to pass unnoticed. In contemporary medicine, diagnosis and treatment increasingly reflect perspectives from multiple disciplines. Accordingly, effective authorship requires adherence to fundamental principles while maintaining intellectual flexibility and openness to diverse clinical viewpoints.
To reduce bias, Dr. Cho actively seeks diverse perspectives and objective feedback from colleagues during the development of research questions and hypotheses. In particular, input from clinicians in other specialties is invaluable, as it helps identify potential blind spots and ensures more balanced interpretation of data and outcomes.
In Dr. Cho’s opinion, systematically organizing clinical data, evaluating outcomes, and establishing evidence are integral to refining his clinical practice and delivering better patient care. Office-based ultrasound, when approached from a clinician’s and surgeon’s perspective, offers opportunities to address limitations inherent in traditional ultrasound practice. “My continued motivation for academic writing stems from the desire to build a meaningful body of work that not only informs my own practice but also serves as a practical and enduring resource for colleagues,” adds he.
(by Brad Li, Masaki Lo)
Jiwon Yang
Jiwon Yang, MD, PhD, is a neurologist in the Department of Neurology at Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, with clinical and research interests in neuromuscular disorders and central nervous system demyelinating diseases. She has primarily conducted clinical research on immune-mediated neurological diseases, particularly myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, as well as neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetic polyneuropathy, with a focus on treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.
From Dr. Yang’s perspective, academic writing is crucial because it enables researchers to clarify their ideas and systematically develop and test scientific questions. Through the process of academic writing, researchers can clearly articulate their hypotheses, critically evaluate whether their results support or contradict those hypotheses, and integrate their findings with existing literature, including both supporting and conflicting studies. This structured process not only enhances scientific reasoning but also deepens a researcher’s understanding of their field, helping to expand the scope and depth.
Dr. Yang believes that the most important qualities of an academic author are scientific integrity and clear communication. Authors should report their findings honestly, including negative results and acknowledging study limitations while interpreting their data critically. From a clinical perspective, it is equally important to communicate research findings clearly so that they can be accurately understood and applied in clinical practice.
As far as Dr. Yang is concerned, data sharing has become increasingly important in scientific research, particularly in the field of rare diseases, where larger pooled datasets can improve statistical power and the reliability of findings. In her opinion, data sharing plays a crucial role in advancing research. High-quality single-center studies can yield meaningful insights when they focus on homogeneous patient populations, have clearly defined research questions, outcomes, and key variables, and involve long-term follow-up. In such settings, careful study design and data quality can be as important as data sharing itself.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)
Jun Yong Lee
Professor Jun Yong Lee is a senior faculty member in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. With extensive experience in breast reconstruction—including microsurgical, conventional, and robot‑assisted techniques—he also specializes in complex microsurgery and hand surgery. His clinical practice focuses on restoring form and function while minimizing morbidity for patients undergoing reconstructive procedures. Professor Lee’s research agenda centers on basic science investigations into stem cell delivery systems to enhance tissue regeneration and wound healing. His interdisciplinary approach bridges surgical innovation with regenerative biology, advancing both patient care and translational research within plastic surgery.
It is Dr. Lee’s conviction that many aspects of daily practice are so routinely repeated that they are often taken for granted. This is equally true in clinical medicine. At times, meaningful progress begins by questioning whether something that feels “obvious” could in fact be improved. When researchers trace such questions back to their most fundamental principles and attempt to understand the entire process as a whole, new perspectives and pathways can emerge. He believes a good academic paper is one that scientifically articulates these moments of insight, clearly demonstrates the process of exploring their underlying foundations, and ultimately presents a coherent story that conveys why the findings matter. In this sense, strong storytelling grounded in rigorous scientific inquiry is an essential element of high-quality academic work.
According to Dr. Lee, an author must be able to question what is commonly assumed to be self-evident—asking not only why something is considered standard, but also whether alternative approaches might exist. From such questions, one should be able to formulate hypotheses and explore them through appropriate scientific methods, eventually synthesizing the results into a new and meaningful perspective. While the ability to carry out this process rigorously is essential, it is not sufficient on its own. Ultimately, an author must also be able to communicate these ideas effectively—to translate complex scientific reasoning into a clear and engaging narrative that others can understand and learn from. He considers this ability to convey scientific insight through well-structured storytelling to be one of the most important skill sets of an academic author.
(by Sasa Zhu, Brad Li)