Assessment of malignant risk in thyroid nodules classified as category 4 and above against a background of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

The assessment of malignancy risk in thyroid nodules classified as Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) category 4 and above remains a clinical challenge. The impact of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) on both the malignant risk and the predictive value of sonographic features in such nodules are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the malignant risk of TI-RADS 4+ nodules in patients with HT and to analyse the predictive value of their ultrasonic characteristics.