Twofer anti-vascular therapy targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate for breast cancer

Twofer is an American expression to achieve two objectives with one action, such as to kill two birds with one stone. It is said to originate from the shortening of “two for the price of one”. This is what we discovered when the sphingosine- 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is targeted in breast cancer (1); inhibition of S1P production results in suppression of both arms of the angiogenic process, generation of blood vessels that supply blood to tumors, and lymphatic vessels that drain interstitial fluid from them.